What does the West owe to Christianity and Islam?: Civilizational inheritors

The line from Aquinas

Aquinas died in 1274. He synthesized Aristotelian logic with Christian theology, established natural law, articulated just war doctrine, and laid groundwork for the scientific method. Seven centuries later, the average Western intellectual cannot name three things he wrote. They can tell you confidently that religion is the enemy of reason.

The monks who copied manuscripts through the Dark Ages were not performing religious devotion unrelated to intellectual life. They were building the archive every subsequent movement drew on. The Benedictine Rule created the first disciplined communities of systematic inquiry in post-Roman Europe. The Jesuits invented the modern secondary school. The university itself — truth-seeking protected from political interference — is a Church invention.

Islam’s contribution is real and specific. The House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the translation movement, algebra, astronomical corrections. We claim no monopoly. We claim a lineage that includes Islamic civilization as a critical transmission node.

The secular critics will remind us of the Inquisition. The logic that says the institution that produced the Inquisition cannot also have produced the university is the same logic that says the country that produced slavery cannot have produced the Bill of Rights. Institutions contain contradictions.

What concerns us is the present. The societies that secularized fastest report the most acute crises of meaning. Deaths of despair, collapsing birth rates, epidemic loneliness. Something was holding the structure together. The cracks are appearing now. The complexity historians are right that the composite is complex. We dispute that complexity means no element is primary. A building has many materials. It still has a foundation.

Where we concede ground: We built the university and used it to enforce orthodoxy. We gave the secular critics their evidence. The Inquisition is ours.

What would change our mind: A post-Christian society sustaining dignity, care for the vulnerable, and cohesion for three generations without transcendent grounding.

Read the full synthesis: What does the West owe to Christianity and Islam?